What is philosophy?
The words of philosophy mean " love of wisdom".
Philosophy and curriculum
The purpose of studying philosophy help us deal with our personal, systems of belief and values. For example, the way we perceive the world around us and how we define what is important to us. As philosophical issues have always influenced society and institutions of learning, a study of the philosophy of education in term of curriculum development is essential.
In essence, a philosophy of education influences, and to a large extent determines our educational decisions and also themselves. For those who are responsible for curricular decisions, they should be clear what they believe. If we are unclear or confuse about our own beliefs, then our curricular plans are bound to be unclear or confusing. As a personal philosophy of education is to understand the various alternative that other have developed over the years. So here are the four major philosophical positions that have influence curriculum development.
Four major philosophies
1) Idealism
matter is an illusion and reality are exist mentally. It emphasizes moral and spiritual reality as the chief explanation of the world and considers moral values absolute, timeless and universal.
2) Realism Realists consider education a matter of reality rather than speculation. The responsibility of the teacher is to impart to the learner the knowledge about the world they live in. What scholars of various discipline have discovered around the world constitute the knowledge.
3) Pragmatism It referred to as experimentalism, based on change process of reality. It more focus on ideas of change and believe that the knowledge represents an exchange between the learner and environment.
4) Existentialism It more stress in individualism and personal for fulfillment. It prefers to free learner to choose what to study and determine the truth. Thus, it believes in the importance of personal choice and reflection of knowledge. For example, the teacher asking question and student can reflect themselves what they think about in mind.
Educational philosophies
1) parennialism- realism
2) Essentialism- idealism and realism
3) Progressivism- pragmatism
4) Reconstructionism- pragmatism
Each of the educational philosophies has it own aim of education, a role of education, focus on curriculum and curriculum trends.
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